Yes. While multilateralism—coordination among three or more states—is central (Keohane 1990; Ruggie 1992), global governance increasingly involves transnational and non-state actors (Barnett et al. 2021). Actors without formal state affiliation can participate in governance by collaborating with multilateral or multi-stakeholder structures.

GGI studies innovations in various settings:
• Global and regional IOs.
• Hybrid or multi-stakeholder partnerships.
• Locally rooted governance models with global relevance.

Our overarching concern is actors addressing interrelated cooperation problems around global challenges, asking whether there are lessons for the global level.